Medullary cranial nerve nuclei

Cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (accessory), and XII (hypoglossal) originate from nuclei in the medulla. These nuclei are located within the brainstem tegmentum (posterior brainstem) and include the inferior olivary nucleus (afferent to the cerebellum), nucleus ambiguus (IX, X, XI), dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (X), hypoglossal nucleus (XII), solitary nucleus (VII, IX, X), and spinal trigeminal nucleus (V).